An easy way to think about who is a ‘crewmember’ is anyone who would be wearing an ‘orange vest’ such as the person manipulating the controls, PIC, visual observers, crowd control, etc. We’re not saying that orange vests are required, it’s just how we like to think about who is part of the direct crew vs. other bystanders.

Any other bystander, even if they are wearing a hard hat and pre-notified of the flight operation, is not part of the flight crew.